![]() Though the risk of developing resistance is low, the findings of significant differences in difenoconazole tolerance among isolates and populations, and a skewing distribution toward higher tolerance suggests that a stepwise accumulation of tolerance to the fungicide might be occurring in the pathogen populations. alternata resistance to difenoconazole was documented by different patterns of population differentiation and isolate-by-distance between SSR markers and difenoconazole tolerance. Constraining selection in the evolution of A. Heritability and plasticity account for ∼24 and 3% of phenotypic variation, respectively, indicating that genetic adaptation by sequence variation plays a more important role in the evolution of difenoconazole resistance than physiological adaptation by altering gene expression. alternata is low and we hypothesize that the low risk is likely caused by fitness penalties incurred by resistant mutants and the multiple mechanisms involving in developing resistance. This result suggests that the risk of developing resistance to difenoconazole in A. alternata isolates sampled from seven different ecological zones in China despite the widespread use of the fungicide for more than 20 years. No difenoconazole resistance was found in the 215 A. ![]() In this study, the genetics and potential of developing resistance to a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide, difenoconazole, in the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata was investigated using a comparative analysis of genetic variation in molecular (Single Sequence Repeats, SSR) and phenotypic (fungicide tolerance) markers. 4Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SwedenĮvolution of fungicide resistance in plant pathogens is one of major concerns in sustainable plant disease management.3Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.2Key Laboratory for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.1State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.Meng-Han He 1,2 Yan-Ping Wang 1,2 E-Jiao Wu 1 Lin-Lin Shen 1 Li-Na Yang 1,3 Tian Wang 1 Li-Ping Shang 1 Wen Zhu 1 Jiasui Zhan 2,3,4* ![]()
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